Name two classes of medications that can affect urinary elimination and describe their effects.

• A. Beta blockers reduce urine; calcium channel blockers increase
• B. Diuretics increase urine production; anticholinergics reduce bladder contractility and can cause retention
• C. ACE inhibitors suppress urination; NSAIDs enhance bladder contraction
• D. Antibiotics increase voiding; analgesics decrease urine output

Answer: (B)

The main idea is understanding how certain medications alter urinary elimination by either changing how much urine the kidneys make or how the bladder muscle functions. Diuretics act on the kidneys to promote salt and water excretion, so they increase urine production. Anticholinergic drugs block muscarinic receptors in the bladder, reducing detrusor muscle contractions and slowing or preventing voiding, which can lead to urinary retention. This shows two opposite but common drug effects on urination: more urine with diuretics, and reduced bladder contractility with anticholinergics. Other options don’t fit because they don’t consistently produce these direct effects on urine output or bladder emptying in typical practice.